排污费付给政府,或被起诉并应受罚的损害者直接向受到外部性伤害的一方支付赔偿。在这两种安排下
An emissions fee is paid to the government . whereas an injurer who is sued and held liable pays damages directly to the party harmed by an externality. What differences in the behavior. of victims might you expect to arise under these two arrangements?