The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is charac

terized by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts.Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court.The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts(called district courts)serving relatively small geographic regions(There is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district counts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States.The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution)may be initiated in either system.They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits )who lose their cases in the state supreme courts may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Thus, the typical court case begins in a trail count—a court of general jurisdiction—in the state or federal system.Most cases go to further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea)and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trail court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending)and the parties leave the court system.But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there.In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.

1.It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are().

A.always appealed

B.usually resolved in the district courts

C.always overlapping

D.usually settled by the supreme court

2.The passage indicates that litigants who lost their cases in the state trial court may take them to a().

A.different trial court in the same state

B.court in a different geographic region

C.federal trial court

D.state supreme court

3.What does the passage mainly discuss？()

A.Civil and criminal trial courts

B.Trial court cases

C.The court system in the United States

D.The appeal court process

4.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase "engaged in" could best be replaced().

A.committed to

B.involved in

C.attentive to

D.engrossed in

5.According to the passage district courts are known as().

A.circuit courts

B.supreme courts

C.intermediate courts

D.trial courts